在筛选到的差异miRNAs中，许多miRNAs均与骨质疏松症或骨代谢密切相关，如Chen等[11]发现miRNA-136-3p在酒精诱导的小鼠骨量减少模型中的表达显著降低，而且它能靶向PTEN调节血管生成和骨形成并改善酒精诱导的骨量减少。Panach等[23]从临床患者血液中筛选到miR-122-5p，定量PCR证明其与骨质疏松性骨折相关；Mandourah等[13]采用芯片从临床患者外周血筛选到差异表达miR-122-5p，定量PCR验证它与低骨密度及脆性骨折相关，认为是一个潜在的诊断标记物；Liao等[24]也发现miR-122-5p负性调控SPRY2，升高受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)活性，从而促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化。Zhang等[14]发现在骨质疏松症患者中miR-485-5p表达水平上调，而在成骨分化过程中，miR-485-5p受到抑制，后又通过数据库预测及荧光素酶报告基因证实miR-485-5p靶向Ostex促进骨质疏松。此外，本文在测序的基础上，通过软件预测得到了高信度的新miRNAs，不过其具体功能还有待进一步深入研究。

miRNA是机体重要的调控体系，对相关信号通路的调控是miRNA发挥作用的重要方式。本研究对top10差异miRNA的靶基因进行信号通路分析，发现靶基因参与HIF-1、甲状腺激素、Hedgehog、GnRH、自噬、cAMP及MAPK等信号通路。这些信号通路均参与了骨代谢的过程。

综上所述，本研究采用Illumina测序结合生物信息学分析，建立了卵巢切除大鼠模型骨组织miRNA表达谱，分析了续苓健骨方对骨质疏松模型大鼠腰椎miRNAs作用，筛选出差异表达miRNAs。top10 miRNAs靶基因参与了蛋白结合、多肽结合、转录调控、RNA聚合酶转录因子活性等生物学过程，及HIF-1、甲状腺激素、Hedgehog、GnRH、自噬、cAMP及MAPK等信号通路，对于从miRNA角度探讨骨质疏松症的形成及中药治疗骨质疏松症的分子机制具有重要参考价值。

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